The 10th National Games, the biggest ever sports meet in the history of China sports which carried great significance due to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, were held in 13 cities, 9 counties and 6 universities and colleges in east China's Jiangsu Province on October 9-23, 2005.

With the participation of 9,986 athletes led by all Chinese Olympic champions at Athens 2004 representing 46 provinces, autonomous regions and groups including the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the Games featured 32 sports, including all 28 Olympic summer sports and 3 Olympic winter sports, and 357 events, almost amounting to the national-version combination of Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. A total of 100,000 volunteers worked for the Games in and outside the 54 venues across the province.

In doping control, compared with the 9th National Games in 2001, 20 percent more doping tests were carried out during the Games.

Before the Games, the General Administration of Sport decided to keep baseball and softball as official medal events in the 2009 National Games even though the two sports had been excluded from the 2012 London Olympic Games by the IOC Session in July 2005.

As a preview of the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Games saw 6 world records, 5 Asian records and 19 national records rewritten, and 32 of the 46 delegations winning golds and 37 taking medals. The top six delegations were Jiangsu with 56 gold medals, Guangdong (46), PLA (44), Shandong (42), Beijing (32) and Liaoning (31).

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